University of Michigan

The program aims to provide students with the analytical and philosophical tools needed to understand, compare, and evaluate different conceptualizations of Judaism. The core course, Secular Jewish Thought offers a philosophical introduction to understanding cultural manifestations of Judaism. Jewish Identities examines the social forces that shaped the historical development of Jewish identities and realities of contemporary Judaism, Israeli Society explores in which aspects Israel is Western and secular, from a macro-sociological, historical, and comparative perspective, and Jews in American Culture examines the way the authors of masterpieces of American literature grappled with the meaning of Jewish identity in America.

Secular Jewish Thought

This course examines three themes:

1. The ideas of enlightenment and progress and the question of emancipation: are the ideas of enlightenment and the fundamental beliefs of Judaism compatible? Can Jews become enlightened and remain Jews? Can religious Jews participate as citizens in modern politics? We will examine how the ideas of enlightenment, progress, and emancipation were formed and transformed in debates on these questions throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

2. The question of identity: what does it mean to be a secular Jew? Can it be a national or cultural identity and of what sort? Is it compatible with other identities (as a member of the working class, as a citizen, for example)? What are the relations between individual identity and group identity? After 1948, is Jewish identity tied to the State of Israel? Is support for the State of Israel or its policies a constitutive part of being Jewish?

3. Identity after the holocaust: This section will examine the ways in which Jewish philosophers re-examined the enlightenment ideas of reason, universalism, and progress following the experiences of the holocaust.

Course Outline

Introduction: Stories of Peoplehood

Rogers Smith, Stories of Peoplehood (selections).

Part I: Greece, Rome, and Jerusalem: (Jewish) Enlightenment and (Jewish) Emancipation

Baruch Spinoza, A Theological-Political Treatise (selections)
Leo Strauss, “Progress or Return?”
Kant and Mendelssohn on Enlightenment.
Moses Mendelssohn, Jerusalem (selections).
Hermann Cohen, Religion of Reason (selections).
Karl Marx, “On the Jewish Question”
Moses Hess, Rome and Jerusalem (selections)

Part II: The Quest for Jewish Secular Identity; Jewish Secular Culture

A. National identity or class identity:

Arthur Hertzberg (ed.), The Zionist Idea (selections Pinsker, Herzl, Ahad Ha'am, Bedichevski, Brenner, Borechov)

Martin Buber, “A Land of Two Peoples”

Bundism

Simon Dubnow, “Nationalism and History: Essays on the Old and New Judaism.”

Tom Segev, “Facing Herzl’s Statue” in Elvis in Jerusalem.

Eliezer Schweid, “Who are the Jews? What is Judaism?” in Jewish Thought in the 20th Century.

B. Jewish identity in the Jewish State

The case of Daniel Rufeisen.

Amos Oz, A Tale of Love and Darkness (selections)

Yair Tzaban, “An Unabashed Secular Jew” (Center for Cultural Judaism website).

Yaakov Malkin (ed.), Free Judaism and Religion in Israel (selections: Malkin, Schweid, A. B. Yehoshua, Tzaban).

Anti-Semitism and support of Israel’s policies:

Judith Butler, “No, it’s not Anti-Semitic” London Review of Books, vol. 25, no. 16; August 2003.
Alan Dershowitz, “Are Critics of Israel Anti-Semitic?” in The Case for Israel.

C. The experiences of Jews in America:

Philip Roth, The Plot Against America.
Egon Mayer, “The Rise of the Seculars in American Jewish Life” (Center for Cultural Judaism website).

Part III: Humanity and Rationality after the Holocaust.

Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem.
“The Eichmann Controversy,“ in Hannah Arendt, The Jew as Pariah (ed. Ron H. Feldman).
Emil L. Fackenheim, “The Holocaust and Philosophy,” in Jewish Philosophers and Jewish Philosophy.
Emmanuel Levinas
Yosef Gorny, Between Auschwitz and Jerusalem (selections).


Jewish Identities

The course will discuss the questions: who and what is a Jew, how one can be an ethnic or self-identifying Jew without religion or religiosity, how secular Jewishness is conceived and practiced in both Israel and the Diaspora, and how secular Jews pass their Jewish heritage to the next generation.

Special attention will be given to several sets of historical forces that have shaped Jewish identity: secularism and modernism/postmodernism, anti-Semitism and the Holocaust, and Zionism and the State of Israel. The relative centrality of ethnicity (ethnic descent), religion and religiosity as compared to language, culture, nation (peoplehood) and citizenship in Jewish identity will be linked to the differences in the characteristics of the Jewish community. Currents in Jewish public thought, historical transformations of Jewishness and contemporary attitudes and behavior of the Jewish population will be surveyed.

Course Outline

I. Conceptual Framework

1. Overview.
Pearl, Judea and Ruth Pearl (Eds.). 2004. I Am Jewish: Personal Reflections Inspired by the Last Words of Daniel Pearl. Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights.

2. Conceptual Framework: Identity, Religion, Ethnicity, Culture, Homeland and Diaspora
Smith, Anthony D. 1994. "The Problem of National Identity: Ancient, Medieval and Modern?." Ethnic and Racial Studies 17, 3 (July): 375-399.
Shuval, J.T. 2000. “Diaspora Migration: Definitional Ambiguities and Theoretical Paradigm”. International Migration 38, 5: 41-57.

3. Conceptual Framework: Perspectives on Jews and Jewish Identity.
The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute. 2004. The Jewish People 2004: Between Thriving and Decline. Annual Assessment No. 1. Executive Report. Jerusalem: The Jewish Agency.
Smith, Anthony D. 1992. “The Question of Jewish Identity”. In A New Jewry: America since the Second World War, edited by Peter Medding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

II. Jewish Identities in Pre-Modern and Modernizing Societies

4. Jewish Community and Identity in Pre-Modern Time and the Advent of Secularization
Katz, Jacob.1961. Exclusiveness and Tolerance: Studies in Jewish-Gentile Relations in Medieval and Modern Times. New York: Schocken.
Martin, David. 1969. "Secularization: The Range of Meaning". In The Religious and the Secular. New York:. Schocken Books.

5. Jewish Responses to Modernity
Bar-On, Mordechai. 1994. "Zionism into Its Second Century: A Stock-Taking". In Whither Israel?, edited by Keith Kyle and Joel Peters. London: I.B. Tauris. Gitelman, Zvi. 1972. Jewish Nationality and Soviet Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Mendes-Flohr, Paul and Jehuda Reinharz (Eds.). 1995. "Emerging Patterns of Religious Adjustment: Reform, Conservative, Neo-Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox Judaism”. In The Jew in the Modern World, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zhitlovsky, Chaim. 1969. “What is Jewish Secular Culture?” In The Way We Think, Volume One, edited by Joseph Leftwich. New York: Thomas Yoseloff.
Goldscheider, Calvin. 1995. "Modernization, Ethnicity and the Post-War Jewish World". In Terms of Survival: The Jewish World since 1945, edited by Robert S Wistrich,. London: Routledge.

III. Jewish Identities in Contemporary Europe

6. Jewish Identities in Contemporary Europe: Western Europe
Webber, Jonathan. 2003. “Notes towards the Definition of ‘Jewish Culture’ in Contemporary Europe”. In New Jewish Identities: Contemporary Europe and Beyond, edited by Zvi Gitelman, Barry Kosmin and András Kovács. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press.
Azria, Regine. 2003. “A Typological Approach to French Jewry”. In New Jewish Identities: Contemporary Europe and Beyond, edited by Zvi Gitelman, Barry Kosmin and András Kovács. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press.

7. Jewish Identities in Contemporary Europe: Eastern Europe
Gitelman, Zvi. 2003. “Thinking about Being Jewish in Russia and Ukraine”. In Jewish Life after the USSR, edited by Zvi Gitelman with Musya Glants and Marshall Goldman. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Chervyakov, Valeriy, Zvi Gitelman and Vladimir Shapiro. 2003. "E Pluribus Unum? Post-Soviet Jewish Identities and Their Implications for Communal Reconstruction". In Jewish Life after the USSR, edited by Zvi Gitelman with Musya Glants and Marshall Goldman. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Pinto, Diana. 2002. "The Jewish Challenges in the New Europe". In Challenging Ethnic Citizenship: German and Israeli Perspectives on Immigration, edited by Daniel Levy and Yfaat Weiss. New York: Berghahn Books.
Wasserstein, Bernard. 1996. "Afterthoughts". In Vanishing Diaspora: The Jews in Europe since 1945, by Bernard Wasserstein. London: Hamish Hamilton.

IV. Jewish Identities in the Contemporary United States

8. Jewish Identities in the Contemporary United States: Jews as White Ethnics
Liebman, Charles. 2001. A Research Agenda for American Jews. Ramat Gan, Israel: Bar-Ilan University.
Gans, Herbert J. 1979. “Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America”. Ethnic and Racial Studies 2, 1: 1-20.
Gans, Herbert J. 1994. "Symbolic Ethnicity and Symbolic Religiosity: Towards a Comparison of Ethnic and Religious Acculturation". Ethnic and Racial Studies 17, 4: 577-592.
Ritterband, Paul. 1995. “Modern Times and Jewish Assimilation”. In The Americanization of the Jews, edited by Robert M. Seltzer and Norman J. Cohen. New York: New York University Press. Pp. 377-394.

9. Jewish Identities in the Contemporary United States: Social Demography and Attitudes
United Jewish Communities. 2003. The National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01: Strength, Challenge and Diversity in the American Jewish Population. Report. Websites: www.ujc.org/njps; www.jewishdatabank.org.
Mayer, Egon, and Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar. 2001. American Jewish Identity Survey. AJIS Report. An Exploration in the Demography and Outlook of a People. New York: The Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Website: www.culturaljudaism.org/pdf/ajisbook.pdf.
Mayer, Egon. 2003. "The Rise of the Seculars in American Jewish Life". Contemplate 2. (2003). www.culturaljudaism.org/ccj/articles/23

10. Jewish Identities in the Contemporary United States: Secularization and Americanization
Scult, Mel. 1995. “Americanism and Judaism in the Thought of Mordechai M. Kaplan”. In The Americanization of the Jews, edited by Robert M. Seltzer and Norman J. Cohen. New York: New York University Press.
Wine, Sherwin. 2003. “Reflections”. In A Life of Courage: Sherwin Wine and Humanistic Judaism, compiled by Daniel Cohn-Sherbok, Harry Cook and Marilyn Rowens. Farmington, MI: International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism.
Feingold, Henry L. 1999. "From Commandment to Persuasion: Probing the 'Hard' Secularism of American Jewry". In National Variations in Jewish Identity: Implications for Jewish Education, edited by Steven Cohen and Gabriel Horenczyk. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Gorny, Yosef. 1994. The State of Israel in Jewish Public Thought: The Quest for Collective Identity. New York: New York University Press.

V. Jewish Identities in Contemporary Israel

11. Jewish Identities in Contemporary Israel: The Limits of Israeli-Jewish Religiosity
Levy, Shlomit, Hanna Levinsohn and Elihu Katz. 2002. A Portrait of Israeli Jewry: Beliefs, Observances, and Values among Israeli Jews 2000: Highlights from an In-Depth Study Conducted by the Guttman Center of the Israel Democracy Institute for the AVI CHAI Foundation. Jerusalem: Israel Democracy Institute.
Tabory, Ephraim. 2004. "The Israel Reform and Conservative Movements and the Market for Liberal Judaism". In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.
Ezrachi, Elan. 2004. "The Quest for Spirituality among Secular Israelis". In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.
Ofer, Dalia. 2004. "History, Memory and Identity: Perceptions of the Holocaust in Israel". In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.

12. Jewish Identities in Contemporary Israel: The Limits of Secularism in the Jewish State
Schweid, Eliezer. 2004. “Judaism in Israeli Culture”. In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.
Liebman, Charles. 1999. “Secular Judaism and Its Prospects”. In Search of Identity: Jewish Aspects of Israeli Culture, edited by Dan Urian and Ephraim Karsh. London: Frank Cass.
Malkin, Yaakov. 2002. “A Jewish Democratic State: Paradox and Harmony”. In Jewish Identity in Modern Israel: Proceedings on Secular Judaism and Democracy, edited by Naftali Rothenberg and Eliezer Schweid. Jerusalem: Urim Publications.
Tzaban, Yair. 2003. "An Unabashed Secular Jew ". Contemplate 2. (www.culturaljudaism.org/ccj/articles/10).
Aloni, Shulamit. 2001. "Forbear or Fight?" Contemplate 1 (2001). (www.culturaljudaism.org/ccj/articles/17).
Cohn, Haim. 2001. "In Spite of Everything – Tolerance". Contemplate 1. (www.culturaljudaism.org/ccj/articles/18).
Calderon, Ruth. 2001. "We Enter the Talmud Barefoot". Contemplate 1. (www.culturaljudaism.org/ccj/articles/26).

VI. Jewish Identities: Comparisons and Evaluations

13. Comparisons.
Sheffer, Gabriel. 2004. "The Israelis and the Jewish Diaspora". In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.
Liebman, Charles and Steven Cohen. 1990. "Are Two Judaisms Emerging?". In Two Worlds of Judaism: The Israeli and American Experiences by Charles Liebman and Steven Cohen. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Liebman, Charles S. 2003. “Jewish Identity in the United States and Israel”. In New Jewish Identities: Contemporary Europe and Beyond, edited by Zvi Gitelman, Barry Kosmin and András Kovács. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press.

14. Viability
Liebman, Charles S. 2003. “Jewish Identity in Transition: Transformation or Attenuation?” In New Jewish Identities: Contemporary Europe and Beyond, edited by Zvi Gitelman, Barry Kosmin and András Kovács. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press.
Luntz, Frank. 2003. “Executive Summary”. In Israel in the Age of Eminem: A Creative Brief for Israel Messaging, by Frank Luntz . Research Report. Website for full report: .
Posen, Felix. 2001. "An Experiment Whose Time Is Yet to Come". Contemplate 1. (www.culturaljudaism.org/ccj/articles/24).


Israeli Society

The course will present a macro-sociological, historical, and comparative approach to selected areas of life in Israeli society. It will focus on the question in which ways and to what extent Israel is Western and secular and becoming even more so. The topics that will be covered are a conceptual framework for a comparative study of developed societies, distinct features of Israeli society, the formative period, demography, culture, religion, politics, economy, military, the Israeli-Arab conflict and transition to peace (non-belligerency), internal divisions and conflicts, and long-term change.

Course Outline

1. Overview.
Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics. 2004. “International Comparisons”. In Statistical Abstract of Israel 2003, No. 54. www.cbs.gov.il.

2.-3. Definitions, Comparisons, Issues, Distinct Features
Kimmerling, Baruch. 1989. "Boundaries and Frontiers of the Israeli Control System: Analytical Conclusions". In The Israeli State and Society: Boundaries and Frontiers, edited by Baruch Kimmerling. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Barnett, Michael N. 1996. “The Politics of Uniqueness: The Status of the Israeli Case”. In Israel in Comparative Perspective: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom, edited by Michael N. Barnett. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Lissak, Moshe. 1996. “’Critical’ Sociology and ‘Establishment’ Sociology in the Israeli Academic Community: Ideological Struggles or Academic Discourse”. Israel Studies 1.
Kimmerling, Baruch. 1992. "Sociology, Ideology, and Nation-Building: The Palestinians and Their Meaning in Israeli Sociology". American Sociological Review 57, 4 (August)

4. Formative Period
Tessler, Mark. 1994. “Jewish History and the Emergence of Modern Political Zionism”. In A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, by Mark Tessler. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Avineri, Shlomo. 1981. “Introduction: Zionism as a Revolution”, “Epilogue: Zionism as a Permanent Revolution”. In The Making of Modern Zionism: The Intellectual Origins of the Jewish State. London :Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Horowitz, Dan and Moshe Lissak. 1978. "Dual Society". In Origins of Israeli Polity: Palestine under the Mandate, by Dan Horowitz and Moshe Lissak. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Shafir, Gershon. 1996. “Zionism and Colonialism: A Comparative Approach”. In Israel in Comparative Perspective: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom, edited by Michael N. Barnett. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Ram, Uri. 1993. "The Colonization Perspective in Israeli Sociology: Internal and External Comparisons". Journal of Historical Sociology 6, 3 (September)
Kimmerling, Baruch and Joel Migdal. 2003. “The Meaning of Disaster”. In The Palestinian People: A History, by Baruch Kimmerling and Joel Migdal. Cambridge, Mass. :Harvard University Press.

5. Demography
DellaPergola, Sergio. 2004. "Demography in Israel at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century". In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, published by University Press of New England.
Soffer, Arnon. 2001. Israel, Demography 2000-2020: Dangers and Opportunities. Haifa: Center for National Security Studies, University of Haifa.
Lustick, Ian. “Israel as a Non-Arab State: The Political Implications of Mass Immigration of Non-Jews”. Middle East Journal 53, 3 (Summer)

6-7. Culture
Roniger, Louis. 1994. “Cultural Prisms, Western Individualism and the Israeli Case”. Ethos 59.
Azaryahu, Maoz. 2000. "McIsrael? On the 'Americanization of Israel'". Israel Studies 5, 1 (Spring)
Regev, Motti. 2000. "To Have a Culture of Our Own: On Israeliness and Its Variants". Ethnic and Racial Studies 23, 2 (March).

7.-8. Religion
Dowty, Alan. 1998. “Religion and Politics”. In The Jewish State: a Century Later, by Alan Dowty. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Liebman, Charles and Yaacov Yadgar. 2004. "Israeli Identity: The Jewish Component". In Israeli Identity in Transition, edited by Anita Shapira. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Liebman, Charles and Bernard Susser. 1998. “Judaism and Jewishness in the Jewish State”. ANNALS, AAPSS 555 (January).
Deshen, Shlomo. 1978. "Israeli Judaism: Introduction to the Major Patterns". International Journal of Middle East Studies 9.
Schweid, Eliezer. 2004. “Judaism in Israeli Culture”. In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.
Friedman, Menachem. 1993. “The Ultra-Orthodox and Israeli Society”. In Whither Israel? The Domestic Challenges, edited by Keith Kyle and Joel Peters. London: I.B. Tauris.
Ezrachi, Elan. 2004. "The Quest for Spirituality among Secular Israelis". In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.

9. Politics
Galnoor, Itzhak. 1993. “The Israeli Political System: A Profile”. In Whither Israel? The Domestic Challenges, edited by Keith Kyle and Joel Peters. London: I.B. Tauris.
Pedahzur, Ami. 2001. "The Transformation of Israel's Extreme Right". Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 24.
Smooha, Sammy. 2002. “The Model of Ethnic Democracy: Israel as a Jewish and Democratic State". Nations and Nationalism 8, 4 (October).
Ghanem, As’ad, Nadim Rouhana and Oren Yiftachel. 1999. “Questioning ‘Ethnic Democracy’: A Response to Sammy Smooha”. Israel Studies 3.

10. Economy
Landau, Pinchas. 1993. “The Israeli Economy in the 1990s: Breakout or Breakdown?”. In Whither Israel? The Domestic Challenges, edited by Keith Kyle and Joel Peters. London: I.B. Tauris.
Aharoni, Yair. 1998. “The Changing Political Economy of Israel”. ANNALS, AAPSS 555 (January)
Frankel, Eli. 1992. "Social Services in the Transition to Post-Industrial Israel". In Population and Social Change in Israel, edited by Calvin Goldscheider. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Shalev, Michael. 1998. "Zionism and Liberalization: Change and Continuity in Israel’s Political Economy". Humboldt Journal of Social Relations 23.

11. Military
Inbar, Efraim. 1998. “Israeli National Security, 1973-96”. ANNALS, AAPSS 555 (January).
Ben-Dor, Gabriel and Ami Pedahzur. 2004. "Civil-Military Relations in Israel at the Outset of the Twenty-First Century". In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover and London: University Press of America.
Ben-Eliezer, Uri. 2004. "Post-Modern Armies and the Question of Peace and War: The Israeli Defense Forces in the 'New Times'". International Journal of Middle East Studies 36.
Lissak, Moshe. 1983. "Paradoxes of Israel's Civil Military Relations: An Introduction". Journal of Strategic Studies 6, 3 (September).
Peri, Yoram. 1996. “The Radical Social Scientists and Israeli Militarism”. Israel Studies 1, 2 (Fall).

12. The Israeli-Arab Conflict
Gazit, Shlomo. 1998. “Israel and the Palestinians: Fifty Years of Wars and Turning Points”. ANNALS, AAPSS 555 (January).
Lustick, Ian. 1987. "Israel's Dangerous Fundamentalists". Foreign Policy 68 (Fall).
Peled, Yoav and Gershon Shafir. 1996. “The Roots of Peacemaking: The Dynamics of Citizenship in Israel, 1948-93”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 28.
Kimmerling, Baruch and Joel Migdal. 2003. “The Oslo Process: What Went Right”, “The Oslo Process: What Went Wrong”, “Conclusion”. In The Palestinian People: A History, by Baruch Kimmerling and Joel Migdal. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.

13. Internal Divisions and Conflicts
Levy, Shlomit, Hanna Levinsohn and Elihu Katz. 2002. A Portrait of Israeli Jewry: Beliefs, Observances, and Values among Israeli Jews 2000: Highlights from an In-Depth Study Conducted by the Guttman Center of the Israel Democracy Institute for the AVI CHAI Foundation. Jerusalem: Israel Democracy Institute.
Smooha, Sammy. 1993. "Class, Ethnic, and National Cleavages and Democracy in Israel". In Israeli Democracy under Stress, edited by Ehud Sprinzak and Larry Diamond. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Smooha, Sammy. 2004. "Jewish Ethnicity in Israel: Symbolic or Real?” In Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, edited by Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, published by University Press of New England.
Smooha, Sammy. 2004. "Arab-Jewish Relations in Israel: A Deeply Divided Society". In Israeli Identity in Transition, edited by Anita Shapira. Westport, CT: Praeger.

14. Past, Present and Future
Cohen, Erik. 1989. "The Changing Legitimation of the State of Israel". Studies in Contemporary Jewry 5.
Smooha, Sammy. 1998. “The Implications of the Transition to Peace for Israeli Society”. ANNALS, AAPSS 555 (January).
Kelman, Herbert C. 1998. “Israel in Transition from Zionism to Post-Zionism”. ANNALS, AAPSS 555 (January).


Jews in American Culture

This syllabus will be posted shortly.

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